{"id":8429,"date":"2020-07-31T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dvsnightingstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=8429"},"modified":"2021-10-13T18:01:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T22:01:42","slug":"indelible-impressions-why-you-wont-forget-the-map-room-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nightingaledvs.com\/indelible-impressions-why-you-wont-forget-the-map-room-project\/","title":{"rendered":"Indelible Impressions: Why You Won\u2019t Forget the Map Room Project"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In my quest to improve data fluency among those who think of themselves as non-data people, I am always on the lookout for physical manifestations of data visualizations \u2014 what I think of as dataviz IRL. I collect tangible examples to inspire people to think about what data are and how they can use data to advance their efforts. It has been challenging to find accessible examples that everyone just \u201cgets\u201d immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What differentiates truly amazing visualization is its comprehensibility \u2014 that you don\u2019t need a dataviz background to understand its meaning. The Map Room Project has exactly that effect: once you see what the data are telling you, you can\u2019t unsee it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Launched first in St. Louis, the Map Room was an interactive exhibit that encouraged community members to engage with local maps through the lens of their own lived experiences. I learned about the project nearly two years after it occurred from an article<\/a> by Shannon Mattern<\/a>, a professor at The New School. What struck me was when Mattern, who writes about media spaces and infrastructure, reported a theme: that \u201cnearly all participants discovered that historical redlining maps, which deeply carved racialized patterns of development and resource allocation into the city\u2019s fabric, had an enduring legacy, conditioning so many other, lasting spatial patterns.\u201d I was excited not only by the interactivity of the installation, but also by the collectiveness of an experience that mingled institutional, communal, and individual data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat we saw in St. Louis was that, when you bring those gates down, it can work for everybody.\u201d <\/p>

\u2014Jer Thorp, Map Room creator<\/p><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The idea for the Map Room Project was first conceived by data artist Jer Thorp in 2013, while he was working for the Office for Creative Research (OCR). In 2017, he partnered with Center of Creative Arts (COCA) to bring the St. Louis Map Room<\/a> to fruition. COCA defined the project as \u201ca community space for exploring and creating original, interpretive maps of the city that reflect[ed] the personal stories and lived experiences of its residents.\u201d The project fused elements of technology, art, activism, and community engagement. It was hosted in a vacant school gymnasium. Accessibility was central to this choice; it needed to be on a transit route, close to walkable neighborhoods, and in a space open and welcoming to the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thorp explained to me that the Map Room was designed to help people read civic data critically and broaden their perspective. \u201cSo much civic data is geospatial. People are not good at finding their own routes through data. If you look at a map, you and I are usually going to look at exactly the same point: where each of us are.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project encouraged visitors to consider multiple realities of where they lived. \u201cOn the maps they can come up with other ways to portray their neighborhoods beyond low-income.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Jer said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEvery map based on census data shows the poor neighborhoods in bright red. It\u2019s like, \u2018Thanks for reminding me.\u2019\u201d One of the guiding considerations came out of a meeting with Detroit artists from Complex Movements<\/a>. They challenged us to consider how our project was reinforcing the master narrative. These institutional maps remove community from the commentary of their own lives. What other stories do the data tell? What about mapping the churches to illustrate the strength of the community?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Screenshot
Source: The New York Times<\/em>,\u00a0Detailed Maps Show How Neighborhoods Shape Children for Life<\/a>, October 2018.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In fact, the resulting maps depicted a range of themes like archiving memories, documenting history, chronicling visitors\u2019 lives, and acknowledging social inequities and injustices. Thorp\u2019s goal was for visitors to leave the exhibit with a new understanding of the stories and the narrative informed by the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Map
Source: COCA\/St. Louis Map Room<\/a>, By Forward through Ferguson. One of the maps produced in the St. Louis Map Room divides the region to show inequalities in life expectancy (in red circles), by zip code (outlined in light blue). The map also proposes a vision of St. Louis\u2019s future, in which life expectancy does not differ by race, income, or place of birth.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The St. Louis Map Room ran for a month and was visited by 29 groups who created 100 square feet of maps reflecting aspects of their own local context. Participants included diverse groups of students, activists, community organizations, and city planners and other city employees. \u201cWe had a group of planners that were kind of blown away,\u201d Thorp recalled. \u201cIt\u2019s hard for them to see what lived experience looks like. The Map Room was like a one-stop-shop to see all different perspectives of lived experience. It\u2019s not that they\u2019re uninterested, it\u2019s just that the way we present the data and the available platforms \u2014 there\u2019s a lot of gatekeeping. What we saw in St. Louis was that, when you bring those gates down, it can work for everybody.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a sense, the St. Louis Map Room was motivated by disillusionment. As Thorp explained, \u201cThe Open Data revolution never really happened. One of the reasons for that is that we expected people to interact with data and use it in the ways we have been trained to. The gulf between the ways that [data practitioners] interact and the way that people want to is too great. For most people the data are impenetrable. They are only for people with rarefied skills. Open Data did more for people who already had data privilege. We\u2019ve expected people to come to our table. Data practitioners should be expected to build community data literacy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor most people, the data are impenetrable. They are only for people with rarefied skills.\u201d <\/p>

\u2014Thorp<\/p><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Residential
Source: Jer Thorp<\/a>, Residential Security Map of St. Louis, 1937. Commonly known as a red-lining map.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Emmett Catedral was a COCA Program Manager during the St. Louis Map Room exhibit. His background as a teaching artist provided valuable experience as the Map Room facilitator. In his role, he conducted approximately 30 mapping workshops with groups of community activists, church members, students, urban planners, health care workers, educators, and others. When he wasn\u2019t running workshops, he was providing context for visitors with questions about the resulting maps on display. He told me he was repeatedly surprised by visitors\u2019 reactions to the sheer physicality of the maps in scope and scale. \u201cThey come in with a sort of availability bias. We see what\u2019s available to us. They\u2019d talk about how well they knew the city, but when we examined the map they generated, there were no dots in North City, a low-income Black community. They were confronted with their own lack of knowledge and the relative smallness of their lives against this 10′ x 10′ map.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, people were curious. Certain data layers really struck a chord, like the 1930s redlining map, the income variances, rates of high school graduation rates, insurance rates for adults over 18, and unemployment and crime rates. Examination inspired conversations \u2014 sometimes for the first time \u2014 about these topics.\u00a0There were always a few participants that really wanted to further engage with the data layers. \u201cThey\u2019d ask, \u2018Where are these maps? Where can I see them after? I want to share them.\u2019\u201d The only barrier to further independent engagement was that they didn\u2019t know where to find the data sets or how to make the data layer visualizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Removing obstacles like lack of awareness, access, and expertise is central to creating meaningful engagement with the potential to extend impact beyond a single experience. It affords a perspective into the daily lives of others. The St. Louis Map Room provided the attending mapmakers with reciprocity. \u201cPeople want to engage,\u201d said Catedral, \u201cbut you have to hand them the crayon. People will contribute when you give them the opportunity. Even the most disengaged-looking middle school kids got down on their hands and knees and participated. Once they could give of their own stories, they were so open to then learning and understanding what the data sets said.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some people came in with a sense of the power of mapping. Emmett shared the story of a group of curriculum planners who sought to use data to contradict the false narrative that St. Louis city schools were \u201call bad.\u201d The map they produced highlighted the geographic divide between St. Louis City and St. Louis County. In it, they highlighted schools in the city that drew students in from the county. \u201cThey had a mission,\u201d Catedral remembers. \u201cThey came in to show that it wasn\u2019t just their opinion. They knew data would help them change people\u2019s perspective.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople want to engage, but you have to hand them the crayon.\u201d <\/p>

\u2014Emmett Catedral<\/p><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The resulting collection of St. Louis maps now lives in the civic archive, fulfilling another of Jer\u2019s goals for the project. They reside in the same place as the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining maps, whose impact is still evident more than two generations later. \u201cIn making maps, communities and individuals can find power. Their maps are as important as the others in the archive, if not more. These community maps have equal standing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Map
Source: COCA\/St. Louis Map Room<\/a>, By Goodmap. This map was created by visitors of the St. Louis Map Room to depict a dual vision of St. Louis: Past and Future. The past key designates red and orange areas on the map as locations that were negatively impacted by historical redlining. The future key overlays locations of intentional economic reinvestment onto the same geography. With an upside-down orientation, the mapmakers hoped to challenge preconceptions about St. Louis.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The St. Louis Map Room success inspired an Atlanta expansion<\/a> in 2018. It was developed by Professor Yanni Loukissas and his students at Georgia Tech. The author of All Data Are Local<\/em><\/a>, Loukissas specializes in data in context. His team adapted the original technology into a portable system called Map Spot that enables map-making pop-up experiences. With Map Spot, organizers project geographic areas and participants trace them as a foundation to which they can then add their own context. They have the option to apply preloaded data layers from a variety of sources. As Yanni described to me, \u201cIt starts with people tracing elements of the projection that are important to them. Then, they begin overlaying their personal experiences: things like, \u2018Here\u2019s the route I use to get from home to school.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Technical
Source: Yanni Alexander Loukissas, Atlanta Map Room<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Accessibility and personal narratives are still cornerstones of the experience. As in St. Louis, the goal was to equip people to think critically about data, to prepare them for data encounters on other interfaces. However, maps are limited. They aren\u2019t meant to do the work of a timeline. Yanni said, \u201cOne of the reasons I love the Map Room is that it doesn\u2019t require any knowledge to use. Oral histories can work in parallel with events and location data.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Exhibit
Source: Yanni Alexander Loukissas, Atlanta Map Room<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Loukissas considers mapmaking the beginning of a conversation and the Map Room a safe space for data-informed questions. \u201cThe Map Room is about building connections and bringing people together. It\u2019s the beginning of the process. How do we get people to think differently? For example, crime and school data. Why are those linked? The Map Room is a place to have those discussions.\u201d <\/em>Historically, the Map Room has been facilitated in educational contexts, discourse typically associated with schools, libraries, museums, community centers \u2014 places that Loukissas says encourage us to think about social and civic good. In fact, Thorp hoped the Map Room might inspire a new type of such civic space. But, if mapmaking is the first step, what comes next?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this case, the next step was to move outside (literally) to identify gaps and collect and model data. After three years on pause, Jer and Yanni are taking the Map Room to Savannah, Georgia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yanni told me about a new series of Map Rooms they are setting up in Savannah. \u201cPeople brought a variety of different concerns, like air and soil pollution. They\u2019ll come to us, point to the map and say, \u2018I smell this in this area.\u2019 Then we can start turning on the data layers that we have. Data can be used as evidence to make a claim about something that you care about. We ask them, \u2018What data would you like to have?\u2019 Then we think about where we can get that data and we look online. If it\u2019s not available we collect it, for example in Savannah, we\u2019re installing sensors<\/a> to collect particulates in the air.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Map Room is about building connections and bringing people together. It\u2019s the beginning of the process.\u201d <\/p>

\u2014Yanni Loukissas, developer of Atlanta Map Room<\/p><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Visitor-generated
Source: Yanni Alexander Loukissas, Atlanta Map Room<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Scrolling through the visitor-generated maps from the St. Louis Map Room project expanded my understanding of redlining and the multigenerational reach of systemic racism. It transformed what was for me an abstract concept, thanks to my privilege, into something visceral. Now, I can not unsee the still-firm grasp of 80-year-old policies. Maps illustrate what systemic racism looks like in ways that that phrase alone cannot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, in researching this piece, I came across these racial dot maps<\/a> that highlight persistent segregation in four cities I have lived or live in. It\u2019s been twenty years since I lived in Brooklyn. In retrospect, gentrification seemed like it was just beginning in my neighborhood then. In Milwaukee and in Chicago, the divide between the East and West and the North and South sides was evident. And, in Detroit, the so-called comeback story \u2014 justifiably offensive to many lifelong residents \u2014 is heavily intertwined with gentrification. Much of the City\u2019s neighborhoods<\/a> are vulnerable to potential resident displacement. As we are now witnessing in a new way through the lens of COVID, neighborhoods matter<\/a> critically to fundamental aspects of people\u2019s lives, like their economic opportunities, their access healthcare, and even the impact on their life expectancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Racial<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Racial<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Racial<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Racial
Source: Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Milwaukee, respectively via Fascination Hub<\/a>, Lew Blank.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Maps are not the only interfaces to expose injustice and inspire change. Interestingly, Jer Thorp considered St. Louis Map Room facilitator Emmett Catedral an interface. \u201cWithout Emmett, the thing that happened wouldn\u2019t have. He prevented people from misinterpreting the data and encouraged their examination.\u201d <\/em>Catedral agreed that the creative and collaborative mapping workshop involved participants uniquely, commanding \u201crapt attention\u201d in a way that would not have been possible had he conducted a lecture-style tour of a room full of maps instead, for example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yanni Loukissas devoted a chapter of his book to evaluating Zillow and its relationship to gentrification. In it, he explores the tension between housing data rooted in a consumer context and individual preference versus its broader civic context. He wonders whether building friction into the interface \u2014 in this example, visibility into housing values over time \u2014 could change real estate culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
Source:\u00a0Yeshimabeit Milner<\/a>,\u00a0Founder & Executive Director of Data for Black Lives. \u201c<\/em>While white people are able to move back into the city from the suburbs and other groups may be able to take advantage of neighborhood changes, data from 2016 revealed that there was not a single neighborhood in the city of Minneapolis where a black household with the median income for black renters could afford to live.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Loukissas wrote, \u201cLocal perspectives on data can awaken new forms of social advocacy. For where data are used, local communities of producers, users, and even nonusers are affected. \u2026 We must do more to actively care for our data and any vulnerable subjects that they represent. When such work is degraded or undervalued, it perpetuates a long history of degrading care.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happens to the Map Room project during COVID-19? The limitations dictated for safety can compromise accessibility. It is no longer desirable to bring large groups together to huddle closely together to trace and draw on a map. COVID is frequently described as an indoor disease. During pandemic, sharing markers is a challenge. Keeping surfaces clean is difficult. Despite these challenges, how might this mapmaking continue? How might such community building continue? The pandemic itself and people\u2019s experiences are spatial. Loukissas offered a range of ideas, including developing an archive of pictures people submitted, thinking about ways to make maps without a projector, and \u201cevening Map Rooms outside, projected in the street, and traced with chalk would be really cool.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opportunity narratives \u2014 helping clients identify and frame possible pathways to address complex challenges \u2014 are a cornerstone of my work. Techniques that encourage collaborative input and produce tangible byproducts are essential to this framing. The Map Room Project serves as a leading practice in how to activate engagement that prioritizes data accessibility, local context, and diverse perspectives. Jer Thorp and Yanni Loukissas applied their skills to level the playing field. It is incumbent upon us to use ours to continue to broaden understanding (our own and others) and reduce inequity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Below are a list of resources for more information on the topics covered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open source map room information can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read Jer Thorp\u2019s account of the project here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a video<\/a> from the exhibit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here\u2019s another piece<\/a> about the St. Louis Map Room from Shannon Mattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more detailed information on racial covenants, refer to the University of Minnesota\u2019s Mapping Prejudice<\/a> site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For information on data feminism and using data to challenge power, see this<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a report<\/a> from the University of Minnesota\u2019s Center for Urban and Regional Affairs about gentrification in Minneapolis and St. Paul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a report<\/a> about gentrification in Atlanta produced by the Housing Justice League and referenced in Yanni Loukissas\u2019 book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is another perspective<\/a> on gentrification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is an affordable housing approach<\/a> from Singapore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, finally, more discussion<\/a> about interface design and racial bias.<\/p>\n

Categories<\/span>Data Humanism<\/a> Data Literacy<\/a> How To<\/a> Topics in Dataviz<\/a> Use Charts<\/a><\/div>
Tags<\/div>data fluency<\/a>Data Humanism<\/a>Data Literacy<\/a>Data Visualization<\/a>How To<\/a>Maps<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In my quest to improve data fluency among those who think of themselves as non-data people, I am always on the lookout for physical manifestations..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bgseo_title":"","bgseo_description":"","bgseo_robots_index":"index","bgseo_robots_follow":"follow","cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[50,51,63,48,182],"tags":[348,216,161,35,141,22],"class_list":["post-8429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-humanism","category-data-literacy","category-how-to","category-topics-in-dv","category-use-charts","tag-data-fluency","tag-data-humanism","tag-data-literacy","tag-data-visualization","tag-how-to","tag-maps"],"yoast_head":"\nIndelible Impressions: Why You Won\u2019t Forget the Map Room Project | Nightingale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How one community project used dataviz to reimagine its city maps and promote data fluency\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nightingaledvs.com\/indelible-impressions-why-you-wont-forget-the-map-room-project\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Indelible Impressions: Why You Won\u2019t Forget the Map Room Project - 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